Which organelle is specifically responsible for photosynthesis?

The organelle specifically responsible for photosynthesis is chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are unique to plant cells and some protists, containing chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy from the sun. This process converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, which are vital for the energy needs of the plant. Chloroplasts also house the necessary enzymes and structures for the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.

In contrast, mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration, breaking down glucose to release energy. The cell wall provides structural support and protection to the cell but does not play a role in photosynthesis. The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing genetic material, but it also does not participate directly in the photosynthetic process.