Which of the following is included in the study of genomics?

Genomics is the comprehensive study of all aspects of an organism's genome, which includes both coding and non-coding DNA. Coding DNA refers to the regions that contain genes and are translated into proteins, whereas non-coding DNA includes regions that do not code for proteins but can play critical roles in regulating gene expression, maintaining chromosome structure, and many other functions.

Studying both types of DNA is essential for a complete understanding of genetics, evolution, and the underlying mechanisms of various biological processes. Insights gained from examining non-coding regions, for instance, have revealed their importance in regulatory functions and their potential implications in diseases. Therefore, understanding an organism’s entire genomic structure necessitates a focus on both coding and non-coding sequences. This holistic approach is what makes the study of genomics a powerful tool in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and evolutionary biology.