What role do DNA and RNA play in genetic information handling?

DNA and RNA serve distinct yet complementary roles in the handling of genetic information. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, functions primarily as the storage medium for genetic information in living organisms. It contains the instructions necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known life forms. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA encodes this genetic information.

RNA, or ribonucleic acid, plays a crucial role in the process of translating the genetic information stored in DNA into functional proteins. Specifically, mRNA (messenger RNA) is synthesized from the DNA template in a process called transcription. This mRNA carries the coded instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized through the process of translation. Therefore, the interaction between DNA and RNA is essential for expressing the genetic code as proteins, which perform various essential functions in the cell.

In this context, the chosen option accurately describes the functions of DNA and RNA: DNA is responsible for storing genetic information, while RNA is pivotal in protein synthesis, bridging the gap between the genetic code and functioning proteins in the body.