What is the process of producing mRNA from DNA called?

The process of producing mRNA from DNA is known as transcription. During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This process involves the unwinding of the DNA double helix and the assembling of complementary RNA nucleotides to form a single-stranded mRNA molecule that carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Transcription is a critical step in gene expression, allowing the information stored in DNA to be translated into proteins, which perform various functions in the cell. It is distinct from translation, which is the process of synthesizing proteins from the mRNA template, and replication, which refers to the duplication of DNA. Conjugation, on the other hand, involves the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells and is not related to the process of synthesizing mRNA.