What is the primary function of antibodies?

The primary function of antibodies is to counteract specific antigens. Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to foreign substances, or antigens, such as bacteria and viruses. Each antibody is specific to a particular antigen; when it encounters its corresponding antigen, the antibody can bind to it, neutralizing the threat and marking it for destruction by other immune cells.

This precise interaction between antibodies and antigens allows the immune system to effectively recognize and target a wide variety of pathogens, providing the body with a tailored response to infections. By forming immune complexes with their respective antigens, antibodies facilitate phagocytosis by immune cells and help activate other components of the immune system, contributing to an overall defensive mechanism against disease.

The other choices describe functions or components that do not pertain to the role of antibodies in the immune response. For instance, the production of hormones falls under the function of endocrine glands, while transporting oxygen is primarily the role of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Although antibodies can recognize and sometimes destroy pathogens, their main role is specifically to counteract and neutralize the effects of antigens.