What is the main function of the cell wall?

The main function of the cell wall is to provide rigidity and protection to the cell. In plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists, the cell wall serves as a crucial structural component that maintains the shape of the cell and prevents excessive expansion due to osmotic pressure. It acts as a barrier against physical stress, pathogens, and toxic substances, contributing to the overall integrity of the organism.

The presence of the cell wall allows plants, for example, to grow tall and withstand environmental challenges like wind or water pressure without bursting. Additionally, the cell wall is involved in processes such as cell signaling and can play a role in communication between cells, although its primary purpose remains structural support and protection.