What is the function of B lymphocytes during an antibody-mediated immune response?

The function of B lymphocytes during an antibody-mediated immune response is to produce antibodies. When B lymphocytes encounter a specific antigen, they differentiate into plasma cells, which are responsible for generating antibodies tailored to bind to that antigen. These antibodies circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system, where they can tag pathogens for destruction, neutralize toxins, or prevent viral entry into cells.

This role is essential in the immune response, as antibodies can recognize and bind to foreign substances, making them easier targets for other components of the immune system, such as phagocytes. Additionally, some B cells become memory cells after activation, allowing the body to respond more rapidly and effectively if the same antigen is encountered again in the future. This capability to produce antibodies is a hallmark of the adaptive immune response, which provides long-lasting immunity against specific pathogens.