What does the term "induced fit" refer to in enzymatic activity?

The term "induced fit" refers to the dynamic interaction that occurs between an enzyme and its substrate. When a substrate approaches an enzyme, the initial interaction is not perfectly complementary; rather, the enzyme undergoes a conformational change upon binding to the substrate. This change allows the enzyme to better accommodate the substrate, leading to a more precise fit that enhances the efficiency of the catalysis process.

This concept emphasizes that the binding is not merely a static lock-and-key mechanism, but rather an adaptable one, where the enzyme adjusts its shape in response to the substrate. This adaptability is crucial for the enzyme's catalytic activity because it facilitates the transition state needed for the chemical reaction to occur, ultimately leading to the conversion of substrate into product.