What does each codon represent?

Each codon represents a specific sequence of three nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) that codes for a particular amino acid or signals the start or stop of protein synthesis. In the genetic code, these triplet sequences are integral to translating genetic information into proteins.

For instance, the codon AUG is recognized as the start codon, which initiates the process of translation, whereas codons such as UAA, UAG, and UGA serve as stop codons, marking the end of protein synthesis. The assignment of specific codons to specific amino acids is fundamental to genetics and molecular biology, as it dictates how proteins are formed, which in turn influences cellular function and behavior.

Other options do not directly relate to the function of codons. Enzymes are proteins that may be synthesized as a result of codon translation, DNA mutations refer to changes in the genetic sequence that can affect codons, and regulatory sequences are involved in controlling gene expression rather than coding for amino acids. Thus, the role of codons as essential components of the genetic code confirming their representation of specific amino acids or initiation and termination of protein synthesis is foundational to understanding molecular biology and genetics.