What are haploid gametes?

Haploid gametes are reproductive cells that carry half the number of chromosomes found in somatic (body) cells. In humans, for example, somatic cells have 46 chromosomes, while haploid gametes, such as sperm and eggs, contain only 23 chromosomes each. When these gametes unite during fertilization, they combine their genetic material to form a new organism with a complete set of chromosomes, restoring the diploid number. This process is fundamental for sexual reproduction, as it ensures genetic diversity and the continuation of species.

The other options do not accurately describe the role or nature of haploid gametes. For instance, cells involved in muscle repair are typically somatic cells rather than gametes. Cells that divide by mitosis are not haploid; they are usually diploid and involved in growth and repair within the body. Additionally, the role of cells that store genetic information more accurately pertains to various types of cells, including somatic cells, which house DNA but are not specifically defined as gametes. Thus, the correct characterization of haploid gametes is indeed as the cells that unite to form a new organism.